Effects Of World War II

WORLD WAR II

Economic Effects:
During the World War many men went to fight and women did not work, since no one was working products could not be sold, industries worked poorly, thus the economy of the war countries became low. There was a huge growth in munitions and aircraft industries while the other industries such as house building, daily use productions were on hold. There were massive government debts in all countries because of the expensive materials they used for the war. Destruction of factories and machines for example, Britain lost 12% of her productive capacity. Since buildings in fighting countries were destroyed, after the war those buildings were supposed to be built, and it took immense amount of money to build all of them.

Social Effects:
Veterans from World War 2 experienced many mental and physical symptoms that was due to the harsh treatment of others, or mental trauma, or because of physical difficulties.
World War II veterans who chronically ill or dead by age 65 because they experienced heavy combats. Several veterans reported chronic problems of concentration. Ongoing sleep disturbances and nightmares were also common. Some veterans reported still suffering from flashbacks and distress caused by situations that recall the battle.

Effects on Countries:
Japan: Japan also was in ruins from extensive bombing. Japan was temporarily placed under U.S. military rule. After World War IIhad ended, Japan was devastated. All the large cities, the industries and the transportation networks were severely damaged. A severe shortage of food continued for several years. The remains of Japan's war machine were destroyed, and war crime trials were held. Over 500 military officers committed suicide right after Japan surrendered, and many hundreds more were executed for committing war crimes.

Russia: People had suffered immeasurably during the war, and western Russia was devastated by the war which was primarily on Russian territory. However, when the Russians defeating the Germans, the Russians had built a large and powerful army, which occupied most of Eastern Europe at the end of the war. The Russian military industry, that was already enormous, switched, in January 1939!, to an extreme wartime regime, and produced vast quantities of tanks, aircraft, and particularly vast stockpiles of ammunition, so much that there was a separate government minister for ammunition production beside the minister of military industry. Work hours increased. In June 1940 the entire country switched to seven days of work per week, then work hours increased too, initially to 10 hours per day, then to 12 hours per day, and since mid 1940 the penalty for any failure to provide the requested quotas or product quality, or even just being late for work, was years in prison.

United States: The United States was affected nearly as much by WWII as Europe, but it did suffer. Many people died in Pearl Harbor. The United States also lost Franklin Roosevelt from a major stroke near the end of the war. The war also affected United States positively it was one of the reasons the Great Depression ended. World War Two gave jobs to thousands, if not millions, of people in the U.S. Soldiers were paid and some sent money home, men too old to be in the army replaced the men that were at war, and women worked in factories to build airplanes, ships, tanks, etc.

What I learned

What I learned by Watching the Video's

· The civil war was fought in 10000 places

· More than 3 million Americans fought in it

· 3% percent of the population died in it

· 1000 men died in cold harbor

· The war made some rich and ruined others.

· Ulysses S. Grant was a general then he became President of United States

· Lincoln rised to be the greatest President.

· The last veteran of civil war which was a confederate 1959.

· The civil war opened Americans to become good or bad.

· Women were also second class citizens.

· Ralph Waldo Emerson was right in predicting that the Mexican Cession would reignite the explosive issue of slavery

· Abolitionists such as Harriet Tubman wanted to prohibit slavery in Washington, and Southerners demanded a more effective fugitive slave law.

· Most slaves led harsh and brutal lives. They were frequently whipped and sometimes branded or mutilated.

· The only significant slave rebellion during the antebellum period was Nat Turner’s Rebellion. A literate slave, Turner believed that it was his divine mission to “slay my enemies with their own weapons.” In 1831, he led about 30 slaves on a murderous rampage through tidewater Virginia, killing close to 60 men, women, and children.

· Because of this disaster government stopped education of slaves.

· Some fugitive slaves were aided by the Underground Railroad once they reached the free states. The railroad was a loosely organized group of abolitionist conductors” who operated safe-house stations in northern states and transported their passengers to freedom in Canada, beyond the reach of slave catchers. Harriett Tubman, was the most famous Underground Railroad conductor. She escaped from Maryland in 1849, and risked her freedom by returning from Canada 19 times to rescue some 300 slaves—including her parents.

Northern vs. Southern Advantages

Vs

Northern Advantages :
· The Northerners have a higher population than the Southerners

· Their Railroad Mileage is much longer

· The number of factories in the North was much more important than the number of factories in the South

· Union troops always had more weapons and armor then the South.

· Movement of troops was much easier in the North because if the Railroad.

· Since there were many factories in the North, the Union was able to produce more ammunition, guns, shoes, and other items needed for the army.

· The North economy was well balanced between farming industry, and the North had far more money in its banks than the South.

· The North had a functioning government and a small army and navy.

· Since the population was higher in the North, then the army was more outnumbered.

Southern Advantages:
· Seven of the eight military colleges were in the South, thus the majority of the nation’s trained officers were in the South and sided with confederacy.

· Because the South was defending its borders, its army needed only to repel Northern advances rather than initiate military action.

· Many Southerners were eager to fight, considering the war a struggle for their way of life.

· The Southerners believed they had rights of self government.

· Well the Confederates (South) had Farming and Agriculture.

· Also the South had slaves to work on those Farms. There was also an agreement that slaves in the southern states could become soldiers and after the war was over they would be free.

· The Southerners were at the defensive which meant that they fought in their homeland and own soil they were intimately familiar with the territory while the Northerners had to rely on maps.

The Abolitionist of Slavery

The Abolisitionists of a Race

Frederick Douglass : Frederick Douglass was a black abolitionist leader that fought against slavery. Frederick fought indirectly to stop slavery; he Frederick Douglas started his own newspaper called the North Star and it was based on freedom for slaves. Abraham Lincoln recognized Frederick Douglas and invited him to the White House to talk to him about slavery. Frederick urged President Lincoln to use Negro soldiers in the Army of the North in the Civil War Frederick Douglass continued to travel around the country giving speeches to bigger and bigger crowds. His speeches were about how he was a slave and what it was like for him growing up. He tried to convince his listeners to fight against the slavery. His fame increased and he continued to publish his paper. He did not stop publishing until the Emancipation Proclamation was issued.Frederick Douglass died in 1895. He was important in black history because he helped end slavery. It was his brave fight for the freedom of slaves that he will be remembered for. Frederick was born a slave and ended up helping end slavery through his speeches and leadership.

Harriet Tubman:

Harriet Tubman helped many slaves escape from slavery. Since childhood Harriet played an active role in the fight against slavery. She was part of the Underground Railroad. She brought over 300 slaves to freedom, along the Underground Railroad a network of antislavery activists who helped slaves escape from the South. Over a period of ten years Tubman made 19 expeditions into the South and freed about 300 slaves to the North. Harriet got hit by weight of 21 lb because and had a blackout because she wanted to save another slave and help him go away.

William Lloyd Garrison

William Lloyd Garrison was an abolitionist that fought for slavery. He became co-editor of Lundy's newspaper. One article, where Garrison's criticized a merchant involved in the slave-trade, resulted in him being imprisoned. Back from prison we created his own newspaper, the Liberator he argued about freedom of slaves, the newspaper only had a circulation of 3,000 but Garrison gained a national reputation as the leader of those favoring immediate emancipation. He even burned a part of the Constitution on slaves. During the civil war Garrison joined Abraham Lincoln to fight for the freedom of slaves.

Events That Lead to Civil War

Events of Civil War

There were many factors that lead to the Civil War. After my reading, I understood that the Civil War had to happen, there were too many conflicts arousing between the North and South and these conflicts lead to it.

California Gold Rush: When California was accepted as a free state, the balance between slave and Free State changed there were more free states, thus the senate southerners became outraged since the northerners became more outnumbered than them. This is why Henry Clay came up with the Compromise of 1850. Where California was admitted as a state, Utah became a territory and the boundaries of Texas became smaller.

Kansas-Nebraska Act: When Stephen Douglas called for the creation of two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska, slave state Kansas and Free State Nebraska. Stephen believed in popular sovereignty and pushed to let residents decide whether or not they would permit slavery. Stephen Douglas was sure that the Southerners would support his plan but the Northerners were against this plan.

Bleeding Kansas: Under the Kansas Nebraska act, voters in Kansas would decide whether they wanted to become a slave state or not. Antislavery Northerners sent Englanders known as the free-soilers, they went to Kansas and destroyed stores, killed people and this was known as the Bleeding Kansas.

When Lincoln was elected President, the Southerners were outraged that they were not able to vote. The Southerners then decided to create their own nation and remove themselves from the United States of America. The new nation they made was called the Confederate States of America. Lincoln believed succession was wrong as well as slavery, but if he stopped it he would cause the Civil War.

Slavery was one of the main causes of civil war; however all of these events, united made it happen. If one of these events was not produced the civil war would probably been avoided. It all started with the admission of California when the senate was not sure to except California as a slave or free state; the Northerners wanted it to be free and southerners wanted it to be slave this is when the South North conflict arose, moreover the Kansas and Nebraska act caused even more conflict among the two parts it caused a bleeding battle, finally the secession was the drop that overwhelmed the glass the southerners went and made their separate territory and then the real war started.

Moroccan Economic Hope

Morocco' Mall

Morocco will have a new economic project, which is called Morocco Mall; it is the largest and first mall in Africa. It will be the greatest shopping mall in Africa. It was launched by Group Aksal and Nesk investments. This project requires 2 billion dirhams.

According to the promoters, the project is spread out over a surface of 10 hectares along the corniche of Casablanca. It will become a place for relaxation and leisure. According to the established forecasts, nearly 200 national and international signs will be referred in this mall as well as a hypermarket which is spread out over a surface of one acre.

Besides that, there will be a skating rink, Fun Park. In the gastronomical part, there will be a terrace with forty restaurants as well as original activities suggested for the first time in Morocco such as a Dolphin Show and the Cinema in 3D. This center should record a flow of 15 million visitors per year and an average turnover of 5 billion dirhams.

This new shopping mall also will be an architectural jewel. There will be a walk court of 600 meters as well as an underground car park of 90.000 m2. Not to block the invaluable sight with the sea, the building will be built on less than three levels according to the oceanic inspiration.

In What situations will compromise not work?

• Compromise in life

There are many situations where a compromise would not work. These compromises can involve both adults and teenagers. There are many themes that I can aboard, religion, personal life, parent-teenage relationship and others…







The first example is Islam religion: To be muslim, people are forced to follow 5 pillars with no compromises . no one can ignore one of 5 pillars(to tell that people in only god, to do pray, to give money zakat,to fast, and go to mecca if the person can afford it) and do others.




In the Coran, it says that people are not allowed to eat Bacon, pork or drink alcohol. There are no compromises even if they didn't find food, people can not eat it. because it is the rules of God and no one can speak to him and negotiate with him whether or not we can or can’t drink alcohol or eat bacon.






The second example in a teenager’s life is parent-teenage relationship, there are no compromises that you can make with your parents on smoking or not smoking, because they are really authoritative in the fact that you smoke, this is why it is basically impossible to negotiate or make a compromise on smoking.




The second example of parent teenage relationship is that parents will never allow their children stop going to school.

• Compromise in international political and social situation

In the international world, there are many compromises that will not be negotiated, the themes are: Politics, Economy, and Sociology.

* Political situation:

A ruler of a monarchic country cannot change himself from to a President, because the monarch is the one who decide what can happen in his country, so he will not decide to be a president because he will loose control to govern the country as he want.

In USA, an alien can not come into a country and be the President because only American citizens can be allowed to be voted to office. The loser of an electoral campaign cannot be the Vice President of the Country; such as John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.

Normal citizens cannot veto a law or give a law unless he is part of the parliament, senate, or the House.

* Social situation:

In Ramadan period, people are not allowed to eat in public , and there is no compromise on it, we saw this situation during the last Ramadan, people do revolution for having the right to eat in public and they put them in a jail without any negociation until they accepted the situation.

Where and Why should I Immigrate

Where Should I Immigrate?

After graduation from University of Miami, I will need an area to live in that must satisfy and meet positively all the criteria’s of Esprat.

Economical: I should immigrate in a country where jobs are available and the salary should be very important. The market products should fit my budget perfectly and in the other hand nit deprive myself from goodies I appreciate.

Sociology: The people should be very social in that certain area in order to be able to have discussions, and explore different backgrounds. The society should be in a well position to get what they need and decide what laws are appropriate for them.

Politics: The politics of that region should be very open which means that they I should live in a democratic country to have the ability to have freedom of speech and be able to vote. The parliament should be able to communicate what the nation feels and vote for laws that will be appropriate for the country. The country where I live should also have a very wise ruler with great experience of life and reign.

Religion: If I want to settle in a different country than mine, then there should be a freedom of religion, since my religion is different than those of America and Europe. I should also live in a country where there are some people with the same religion in order to keep my customs and culture. In order to feel safe and comfortable racism should be abolished in that country.

Arts: The Arts of that country should be very developed. It should have different kinds of museums, galleries, and have a previous history in art, where they had some influence in Renaissance and had artists that arouse pride in his or her country.

Technology: The country should have newest technology; for example: good transportation devices, could medical care, the communication devices or high tech devices such as self phones, computers, and televisions.

Geography: The country should be situated in a central area, and its location should be near great ports and oceans, such as the Atlantic Ocean or Mediterranean Sea. The country should have great crops and fertile land in order to grow fruits and vegetables in order to sell to the country consumers.

In conclusion, I believe that the country that best satisfies all of these criteria’s is the United States. In a point of view economical it has some cheap products and the living there is not that expensive. Most of Americans that I know are sociable and kind. United States have a democracy which allows freedom of speech and that is what a country is all about, to be able to communicate what you feel. In a religion point of view, United States allows every religion in its country and there are many Muslims that live in Morocco which allows me to keep my culture and customs. United States also have great museums and were influenced by European countries during the Renaissance. Finally, this country has the newest technology and one of the best emplacements because they have the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean.

Political Parties in Morocco

Political Parties of Morocco

Defintion of political party
According to the law, the political party is a non-profit permanent organization, established according to a convention between physical persons who share the same principles, to participate by democratic ways, in the management of the public affairs.
Any political party has to have a program, statues, and internal rules written. The program fixes foundations and objectives which the party wants to reach, the statues fix the rules of functioning and the administrative and financial organization of the party. The internal rules specifies the procedures of each of the organs of the party.

Analysis of main political parties in Morocco

The parties serve to support the citizens and each party defend their ideology and their government manner. Each party have its own ideas and priority to defend. There are different parties left center and right parties.

Left Parties:

Itihad al ishtiraki (USFP) : It is one branch of the Istiqlal it removed to create a new party called USFP. The founder was El Yazri.
His program is based on Economical, Social,healthy,sport,information part...

• Ecomical part: he proposed to manage better the budget of our state.
  
• Social plan : the objectif will be put on the question of the education in order to fight against the illiteracy within 5 years.
  
• concerning health, the program planned measures to form nurses.The party also is interested to give all chance to sport to be important in our country.
  
• Concerning the press and information, the USFP makes a commitment to pursue the reform of the Code of the press with the aim of more freedom .

Socialist Political Party (PPS): It is left party. It is a communist party, founded in 1974, and his Secretary-General is Ismaïl ALAOUI.
The PPS defines itself as an independent, social democratic, progressive national party, which respects the socialist principles, the militant traditions of the Moroccan people, the Arab-Amazigh culture and the values of Islam. The Party counts intellectuals as well as manual workers among its supporters.


Right Parties:

Istiqlal is the largest political party. It was founded by Allal Fassi in 1940. It was the main political force struggling for Moroccan Independence. It is one of the oldest parties.

Priciples and Obejctives: Istiqlal is the nationalist party of Morocco and the party in power, functioning in line with the Moroccan Monarchy. The connection with Islam and the constitutional monarchy and the throne, the safeguarding of Morocco's cultural identity, the realisation of economical and social equality, the development of the economy and the reduction of economic and social differences between the regions. Istiqlal also wants to offer more attention to the position of Moroccans living abroad.

Constitutional Union (UC): It is on economic and conservation questions on factories subjects.

Center Parties:

RNI: founded in 1978, Against the left party and right party, It means the national gathering of the independent ones. the secreatary- genaral is Mustapha Mansouri
the program of RNI is based on the promotion of social democracy within the constitutional monarchy, the preservation of the Arab-African Moroccan identity and the defence of the territorial integrity of the Kingdom. In the context of this program, the RNI calls for the realisation of a social project, aimed at the creation of a solid and competitive economy, which guarantees labour places, the development of the country, and reform of the legal system as well as the tax system.

PAM: Founder Fouad Ali Hima. It is the newest political party in Morocco. It means Authencity and Modernity Party

Islamist Party:

PJD: Islamist party is against right and left parties,is consideras a party who defends all Islamist and Islam. It means the justice and development party. founded in 1978, the name of
Secretary-General is Saad Eddine EL OTHMANI
The Party is moderate Islamist and a growing force in the country. The Islamist PJD carefully paves the way for a more religious orientated Morocco by creating the image of being the true defender of the Muslim state.Five key points: authenticity, sovereignty, democracy, equality and development – everything in accordance with Islam.

Origins of American Politics Questions

Origins of the American Politics

1) Describe the debate over the nature of government. Compare the viewpoints of
Jefferson vs Hamilton.

Even though Hamilton and Jefferson both served in the American President Cabinet they shared different point of view.
Jefferson opposed Hamilton’s Federal Plan.
Jefferson wanted strict construction or interpretation of the constitution; however Hamilton wanted a loose construction, or interpretation of the constitution.
Hamilton wanted strong central government acting in commerce and industry.
Jefferson favored a strict construction, or interpretation, of the Constitution. He believed that the government should only use the implied powers of the Constitution. Hamilton preferred a loose construction. He thought the government could use the implied powers of the Constitution to do many things as long as they were not expressly prohibited by the Constitution.

2) What is a political party?

A political party is a group of people who try to get elected into public office in order to control government policies and programs.
A political party is a group people who share the same ideas about the way the country should be governed.
They work together to introduce new laws, the change old laws.
The First political parties were
· Democratic Society
· Jefferson’s Republicans
· Federalists – Hamilton and Washington and supporters

3) Describe John Adams presidency. What were some of the difficulties he faced?

John Adams was elected the second president in 1796. He was the leader during the American

Revolution and as Vice President for eight years.
The problems that John Adams faced were administrations. The political parties’ tensions were growing. He faced the threat of American ships in French harbors.

4) Outline the key events of Jefferson’s presidency.

· Thomas Jefferson won and became the 3rd president of the United States.
· People appreciated that Thomas preferred local government than national government.
· He wanted to reduce the influence of the national government on the Americans.
· He wanted to reduce taxes
· He wanted to reduce the size of the federal government.
· Reduce the size of federal government
· He wanted to reduce the size of the army.

Amine Mind Meister George Washington

Here is my mind meister on George Washington read it and have fun!!

http://www.mindmeister.com/maps/show/31093987

Muslims overthrow the world population!!!!

Nearly 1 out of 4 worldwide is muslims. India has a majority Hindu muslims. India has more Muslims than any country except for Indonesia and Pakistan, and more than twice as many as Egypt.
China has more Muslims than Syria. Germany has more Muslims than Lebanon.
And Russia has more Muslims than Jordan and Libya put together.
Nearly two out of three of the world's Muslims are in Asia, stretching from Turkey to Indonesia.
There are about 1.57 billion Muslims in the world. Muslims represents about 23 percent of the total global population of 6.8 billion.

Sources

http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/10/07/muslim.world.population/index.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/oct/08/muslim-population-islam-survey

Suppositary Bomb

Suppositary Bomb

On October 6 Al-Qaeda linked bombs to suppositary bombs. The devices are undetectable, they were used as an assasination and were used in assasination to Saudi Arabia. The Target attack was Prince Mohamed Bin Nayef. The 23-year-old terrorist, Abdullah Hassan al-Asiri, got through security checks with explosives in his rectum and detonated them during a meeting with the prince. A mobile phone was used to active the bomb. The prince was only slightly injured because the bomb fired Asiri's body and he was split apart. The bomb has believed to be explosed by a message that has been sent to Asiri and the bomb explosed during a meeting with the prince.

Sources:

http://sfbay.craigslist.org/sfc/rnr/1409954283.html

http://noapologies.ca/?p=4553

http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Security/?id=3.0.3847466941

The constitution and the Bill of Right

The constitution is the structure and organization of Government. It is also rules and regulations that are formed by the people, to the people, and for the people.

The Bill of Rights is the name for the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution. These amendments describe the most important rights that the founders of the country believed every citizen in United States should believe in and follow.

These rights include freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom from cruel and unusual punishment, freedom to own and use firearms, freedom from arbitrary searches and property seizures by government etc…

All the articles, sections and Amendement are important because every law will once be used in our daily life.

The five most important laws or amendement that i find crucial are the following:

Article I Section 1:

All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

• This is important because the country needs to have a certain organization and to spread power in the country and so it is not focused permanently in one person.

Article I section 9 clauses 8

No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince or foreign State.

• This clause is important because all humans are created equal and everyone is allowed to have a minimum of respect. This clause is also important because it discourages bribing and corruption.

Article 2 section 1 clause 5

No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.

• This clause is important because The President should be American in order to love his country and rule it in a way that he is sure that everyone will appreciate. However, if another person from a different country rules the country he will want to interiorize the country he is ruling in order to superiorize his original country.

Article 2, Section 3

He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.

• The President needs to update the Congress with information he knows and has to be informed. He needs to represent the country in a good way because he is like the ambassador of his country and everybody relies on him.

Article 4, Section 2 Clauses 2

A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.

• This clause is important because people needs to have self respect and do not have to pass limits there must be a justice to punish and give consequences of acts. U.S.A need to work in a community and to consider themselves as one state because if a person did a crime, he had to be pursued by the whole nation to be punished if not chaos will up come the whole university. The freedom of a person is finished when the freedom of other begin.

Bill of Rights

Amendment 1

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

• The 1^st Amendment is primordial because everyone should have freedom of worship to express his or her opinion to show that he contributes and is part of the community to have an active role in the society.

Amendment 4:

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

• This Amendment is important because people should feel themselves in a safe place when they are in their shelter. Everyone should have a private life and it is primordial to have a secret place where you’re the only one to stay in it. It is also important for a person to be King of his place or land. Home sweet Home.

Amendment 5:

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation

• This Amendment help people to not be accused without proof because everyone can come and sue people without any information that shows that the person has committed a crime and is guilty.

The french and Indian War PDF's note

Rivals for an empire

• In 1750s, France was Great Britain's biggest rival to build an empire.
• The colonists favored Great Britan because they still thought of themselves as british.

France's North American Empire

• France began its North American Empire in 1534,when Jacques Cartier explored the st Lawrence River, in the 1608, the Samuel de champlain founded the town of quebec.
• In 1862, Robert Cavelier, claimed the entire Mississippi valley and named it Louisiana.
• In 1754, New France grown to 70 000.
• French included fur traders and catholic priests who wanted to convert Native Americans.
• French has friendlier relation with native amricans than did the British.

Britain defeats an old enemy

• In 1754, the French British conflict reignited.
• British granted 200 000 acres of land in Ohio.
• Asmall bad led by an ambitious officer named George Washington establish an outpostcalled Fort Necessity .
• French forced washington to surrender.
• In the french and indian war, British and France fought for control over North America.

Early French Victories

• One year after Washington defeat, he head again into a battle and was to drive the french out of the Ohio Valley.
• Washingtonshowed incredible courage while the British surprised him and many other colonies.
• They began to question the competence of British army,which suffered defeat after during 1755 and 1756;

Pitt and the irroquois turn the tide.

• Angered by french victories, King George selected new leaders to run the goverment in 1757;
• One of them was William Pitt politician . under Pitti, the reinvigorated British army finally began winning battles.
• British troops under General james scaled the high cliffs protected Quebec ; and British won the War.
• French and Indian War ended in 1763 with treaty of paris and countries took french land.

Victory brings new problems

• Great Britain had trouble.
• In spring of 1763, Ottawa leader Pontiac recongnized that the french loss wass a loss for Native American's
• Led by Pontiac, Native Americans captured eioght British forts in the Ohio Valley.
• Virus of small pox spread in Native America when they were weak , so they negotiated treaties with British.
• To avoid conflicts, British issued the proclamation of 1763 wich banned settlement in West Appalachians.

Problems resulting from War

• After the war, the British government stationed 10 000 troops in its territories to control the Native Americans and former French subjects.
• British had debts because they borrowed too much during the war.

Colonists Strength

How did the colonist defeat the world powers?

The colonist began to gain more and more anger against the British. During the French and Indian War the British started to waste too much of the colonist money. The colonist did not want to pay back and they revolted and wanted to protect themselves without the help of the British, this was treason for the British.
When the British started many taxes that the colonist could not afford to pay, then the colonist began to revolt against the British. They were forced to remove some taxes and they kept the Tea tax which later ended badly with the Boston Tea Party, colonists threw large reserves of British tea in the Boston Harbor.
After the taxes, colonist began to boycott British goods. They started boycotting the British goods because the British forced them to use their materials only they were not allowed to purchase goods in other countries or areas.
All of these factors lead to a revolution of the colonist; they became very courageous, such as George Washington who understood how the British moved and their strategies. The colonist started to fight the British then they made the Declaration of Independence which was written by Thomas Jefferson. This independence made the colonist free and they started to fight the British and chased them out of their land.

Social values

1st-Social Contract: An agreement for mutual benefit between an individual or group and the government or community as a whole. By agreeing with one another to make a state by contract, men within a given area joined together, each surrendering personal freedom as necessary to promote the safety and well being of all. By this contract the members created a government. The social contract gives rights and responsibilities to both the citizenry and the government.

2nd-Natural rights: The basic rights and freedoms, to which all humans are entitled, often held to include the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and equality before the law.

3rd-Popular sovereignty: The doctrine that sovereign power is vested in the people and that those chosen to govern, as trustees of such power, must exercise it in conformity with the general will. Popular sovereignty is government based on the consent of the people. Government, established by free choice of the people, is expected to serve the people, who have sovereignty, or supreme power.

4th-Right of Revolution: Revolution is the over-throw of an established government, but to assert a right of revolution is to imply that such an upheavel is legitimate. It is an overthrow or repudiation and the thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed.

5th-Self determination: Determination of one's own fate or course of action without compulsion; free will. It is the freedom of the people of a given area to determine their own political status; independence. It is also freedom to live as one chooses, or to act or decide without consulting another or others.

Why?

The most important term regarding the value of the society is “social contract” since it should be an agreement between people to ensure a coordinate society. Without the social contract, it will an anarchy and no law or right can be established since everything will be based on personal interest.
After establishing the “social contract”, people should have rights to have freedom of expression to be part of society; that is the reason why the term” human rights “comes in the second position.
Next comes “the popular sovereignty”. When people will have their own right, they will be able to vote for their own sovereign to create their government.
In the fourth position, there is “the right of revolution”. After defining the popular sovereignty, political leaders may abuse their power; that is the reason why there should be a right of revolution to be able to rebel and express their rights.
Finally, at last comes “self determination” that determines the right of the people as an individual country without considering the rest of the other countries. This term comes at the end of the importance of the society’s value because every country decides for its rights considering its habits, constraints, religion, values and history.

Migration

What are different reasons why Moroccans migrate away from Morocco?

There are different reasons why people migrate from Morocco; it can be economical, political, or social reasons.

Economical reasons:
· People want to invest in other countries where labor force is cheaper than Morocco.
· Taxes in Morocco are higher than some other countries.
· High unemployed rate in Morocco push citizens to migrate in order to look for better economical situations.

Political reason:
· Political refugee asks other countries to accept him in their country in order to protect him.

Social reasons:
· Moroccans get married with people who live in other countries, so they migrate in order to be regrouped.
· Graduate Moroccan students migrate to other countries because they propose a better education than Morocco.
· Some Moroccan believes that the solution for being rich is to migrate in other countries where they can work for better salary.
· People also migrate because they want to discover new horizons and new areas rather than staying in Morocco.
· Ill Moroccans migrate because medical cares in other countries are more developed

Using Esprat g what are possible different groups and what are their reasons?

Economical reason:
· Business men get opportunities of better affairs in other countries, so they migrate.

Sociological reason:
· Graduate students migrate to other countries because education in Europe, North America, Great Britain….etc proposes a much better education than Morocco.

Political reason:
· Some ambassadors or councils migrate from Morocco to represent Morocco in other countries.

Religious reason:
· Some religious men migrate to spread and teach Islam in other countries.

Arts reason:
· Some actors and singers such as Samira Bensaid migrated to Egypt because singers have a better value in other countries than Morocco.

Technological reason:
· Moroccans that graduated from technology universities live in other countries with high technology in order to share their ideas and learn about last updates of technology.

Geographic reason:
· Some countries are much more beautiful than Morocco in terms of buildings, climate, etc…


Who is migrating to Morocco? Why?

People who are migrating to Morocco are one who wants to have a better life than his ancient life.
We can see migrates coming from south Africa because they think that morocco is more developed than their country, so they can find job easily.
We can also find people coming from Europe, America, Australia….etc to Morocco in order to have better way of life, climate…etc

There are many reasons why people migrate:

Economical reasons:
· People want to invest in Morocco where labor force is cheap.
· Business men migrate to morocco to open its business because taxes and duty are cheaper.
· Professional people came to morocco to export their knowledge, which allows him to be paid better than his salary in his original country.

Social Reasons:
· Retired people come to Morocco because their salary can fit them and make them live in a comfortable way in Morocco, contrarily, to their original country where there purchasing power cannot afford them the same living way comparing to morocco.
· Foreign people get married with Moroccan and decide to live in morocco.
· Asthmatic people migrate to morocco to live in some cities which have a micro climate.

Political Reasons:
· Political refugee asks Moroccan government to accept him in their country in order to be protected from political decision that his country imposes him.

Mercantilism

Pathways to Present Definition

Mercantilism: This theory held that a country should try to get and keep as much gold as possible. The more gold and silver the wealthier the country will be. If a country has no sources of gold and bullion it should trade.
A country should show more export than import this is the balance of trade.
The colonies should not be allowed to sell products to other nations or even engage in manufacturing.
The parent country should require its colonies to use its ships for transporting their raw materials.
England’s balance of trade would improve by providing raw materials such as tobacco, furs, and gold for England to sell to other countries and the colonies had to buy England manufacturing goods.

Fact Finder Definition

Mercantilism, is an economic system that stresses the goals of the national government rather than the individual, developed in Europe as the feudal system (a social system based on strict class structures) declined at the end of the Middle Ages (c. 450–c. 1500). Mercantilism was the main economic system in Europe during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. This system required the national government to strictly control businesses to meet certain objectives, such as exporting (selling) more goods to other countries than importing (buying) goods from other countries.

Wikipedia Definition

Mercantilism is an economic theory which says that the development or affluence of a country depends on its supply of capital. This capital is accumulated bullion which the state owns. To achieve or increase this bullion the state should induldge in protectionalist policies in order to increase their balance of trade. To do so the state should works in order to increase its exports and decrease its imports.

Yahoo answers definition

The main economic system used during the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. The main goal

was to increase a nation's wealth by imposing government regulation concerning all of the nation's commercial interests. It was believed that national strength could be maximized by limiting imports via tariffs and maximizing exports.

Definition of the Declaration of Independence

The American colonists could be compared to tenants who were expected to 'pay rent', i.e., provide materials for export to Britain. Britain's goal was to have a greater number of exports than imports allowing them to store up wealth in the form of bullion. According to mercantilism, the wealth of the world was fixed. To increase wealth a country had two options: explore or make war.

Bibliography: http://www.enotes.com/history-fact-finder/economics-business/what-mercantilism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercantilism

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080109010736AA7CczJ

http://americanhistory.about.com/od/declarationofindependence/a/declaration_sg_2.htm